Non-Communicable Diseases

Non-Communicable Diseases

What Are Non-Communicable Diseases?

Non-communicable diseases are not infectious – they cannot be passed from person to person.
They tend to last a long time and worsen slowly.

💡 Key Concept: These diseases often result from a combination of genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors.

Examples of Non-Communicable Diseases

Disease

System Affected

Examples

Cancer

Varies (depends on type)

Lung, skin, breast, bowel

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Circulatory system

Coronary heart disease, stroke

Type 2 Diabetes

Endocrine system

Blood glucose regulation

Liver disease

Digestive system

Often linked to alcohol misuse

Obesity

Whole body

Increases risk of other conditions

Chronic respiratory diseases

Respiratory system

e.g. chronic bronchitis, emphysema

Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases

Factor

Linked Diseases

Smoking

Lung cancer, CVD, respiratory diseases

Obesity

Type 2 diabetes, CVD

Alcohol

Liver disease, brain damage, cancers

Poor diet

Obesity, type 2 diabetes, CVD

Lack of exercise

Obesity, CVD

Genetics

Some cancers, diabetes, heart disease

Exposure to radiation

Increases cancer risk

Impact of Non-Communicable Diseases

On Individuals:

❌ Reduced quality of life
❌ Long-term medication or treatment
❌ Emotional and mental health impact

On Society:

❌ High treatment costs to the NHS
❌ Time off work → economic impact
❌ Health inequalities – more common in deprived areas

Preventing Non-Communicable Diseases

✔ Don’t smoke
✔ Eat a balanced diet
✔ Exercise regularly
✔ Drink alcohol in moderation (or not at all)
✔ Attend regular health screenings
✔ Raise awareness and improve education

Questions 

  1. What is a non-communicable disease?
  2. Give two examples of non-communicable diseases.
  3. Name one lifestyle risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  4. Why are non-communicable diseases costly for society?
  5. Give one way to reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Summary 

  • Non-communicable diseases include cancer, diabetes, obesity, and CVD.
  • They are linked to lifestyle choices, genetics, and environment.
  • They affect individual health and society economically.
  • Prevention through healthy living and education is key.